关于提高湖南农民财产性收入的探讨

从湖南农民财产性收入的现状入手,分析了制约湖南农民财产性收入提高的主要原因,如农民投资理财知识缺乏、社会保障体系不健全、土地及房屋流转制度障碍以及农村金融体系发展滞后,并针对上述问题提出了具体的解决对策.     

玉米产后流通中减损降耗需重点关注的两个环节

玉米是我国主要粮食品种,在不断提高产量的同时,研究减少玉米产后损失,降低粮食损耗和流通成本,对于确保粮食安全和提高玉米原粮品质具有重要的作用。     

我国玉米价格与生猪价格的传导关系研究

现以2015年1月到2020年9月生猪价格和玉米价格的月度数据为研究对象,运用E-G协整检验、格兰杰因果关系检验、脉冲响应、方差分解等方法进行分析。研究结果表明,生猪价格和玉米价格存在长期正相关的均衡关系,生猪价格对玉米价格有明显的拉动作用;短期内,玉米价格和生猪价格的相互影响具有时滞性。长期来看,当生猪价格受到冲击时,对玉米价格的影响作用相对较小;当玉米价格受到冲击时,对生猪价格的影响作用较大。建议保障玉米和生猪的供给,引导供需平衡;完善信息共享机制,及时传递相关信息。     

三级生物质供应链的奖惩与回馈契约协调研究

为了优化生物质能供应链,降低成本,在无扰动因素情况,需求不确定且与价格有关的条件下,研究了由能源公司、基地和农户组成的三级生物质供应链中,奖惩与回馈契约对供应链的协调问题,建立了满足渠道协调的条件和供应链内各级参与者实现互赢的数学模型,最后将其用于数值算例中验证。结果证明契约参数的合理选择可以实现供应链各方利益最大。     

Information sharing as a safeguard against the opportunistic behavior of South African Karoo Lamb farmers

Misconduct in global meat supply chains are omnipresent and even more so in differentiated chains where credence attributes such as origin and taste are used to differentiate the product. By definition, these attributes signal asymmetric information which implies that in the presence of bounded rational individuals with conflicting interests, misconduct in the form of opportunistic behavior is bound to prevail. Increased information exchange through farmer networks is, however, expected to reduce opportunistic behavior. In the case of a differentiated meat product, such as Karoo Lamb, the article studies the farmer‐abattoir transaction with the purpose of recommending strategies that can be implemented to reduce the farmer's tendency to behave opportunistically. The article employs the PLS approach to SEM and reveals a significant negative relationship between information shared and opportunistic behavior. The results indicate significant positive relationships between trust in the abattoir and information shared as well as between farmer networks and information shared. These results are indicative of the support provided to the information shared construct by higher levels of trust between farmers and abattoirs and established farmer networks. It is, therefore, recommended that differentiated meat supply chains, through their various associations, concentrate their efforts to promote information sharing by building stronger, trust centered relationships and by supporting farmer networks.     

论中国法治进程中农民的平等权及其保障

平等权是我国公民的一项基本权利。作为公民的农民,应享有与其他社会主体平等的权利,但目前我国农民的经济权、教育权及财产权等方面的权利仍然得不到平等和应有的保障。农民权利的法律保障是法治建设不可回避的问题,因此,我们必须立足我国的客观实际,构建农民权利法律保障制度,采取切实措施促进和保障农民的平等权利。     

农村金融联结的风险评价——以山东省大村镇食用菌合作社为例

农村金融联结作为一种解决金融抑制问题的有效途径，已经得到理论证实和实践推广，但对其风险的认识尚处于空白。鉴于农村金融联结涉及多个经济主体的特征及相互利益关系，本文以联结的风险来源为基础，构建了农村金融联结风险的评价体系，对山东省大村镇食用菌合作社联结的风险进行了评价。研究认为，大村镇食用菌合作社农村金融联结风险较低，能够实现农村金融联结的目的。其中有利的自然、政策和产业等外部环境以及龙头企业与合作社形成的稳定联结关系有助于降低联结风险，而参与者间的利益冲突及自身能力约束增加了联结的风险。     

我国4省农民思想教育现状分析及对策研究

加强农民教育,提高农民素质,培养新型农民是建设社会主义新农村的现实需要,是当前农业与农村工作中一项十分紧迫的任务。该文从社会学视角,结合陕西、河南、山东、江西4省样本,对当前农民思想素质教育问题进行较为深入的探讨,在此基础上,提出了今后农民思想教育发展的思路。     

农民工就业信息服务工具的设计

就业信息服务工具按内容可分为实物工具、政策工具和方法工具。目前公共就业服务机构所提供的农民工就业信息服务在方法、流程和标准上都存在设计缺陷,难以满足农民工日益增长的求职需要。采取整合设计的思路,细化就业信息服务流程、强化就业信息服务评估,完善就业信息服务内容、规范就业信息服务标准,是提升农民工就业服务水平的必由之路。     

Soil Fertility Management and Compost Use in Senegal's Peanut Basin

The Jóór (Dior) soils of Senegal's Peanut Basin are inherently low in organic matter, limiting yields of millet and other crops and threatening the food security of smallholders. Focus groups and interviews were conducted in eight villages to characterise the site-specific fertility management by farmers in the Peanut Basin. Results of the qualitative survey revealed that farmers base management decisions on a series of fertility indicators that include type, colour, and texture of soil, presence of vegetation, and productivity in previous years. In an effort to equalise fertility across the field, farmers amend areas they classify as less fertile with decomposed manure and household waste from the family sëntaare (traditional pile) orwith compost from managed piles. On-site measurements of soil in areas of fields amended with compost or sëntaare material revealed significant increases in peanut and millet growth over unamended areas, but little difference between the effects of compost and manure. Similarly, chemical analysis revealed increased effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and nutrient concentrations (K, Mg and Al) in soils amended with compost or manure. Similarities in the chemical characteristics of compost and sëntaare material suggest that development workers could emphasise improved pile management rather than promoting more labour-intensive composting.